Mr. Ružić graduated from the International Relations Department of the Faculty of Political Sciences of the University of Belgrade.

He has served several terms as a deputy at the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia and the Assembly of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. He was also a member of the permanent delegation of the National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

In the Government of Serbia, he was the Minister without portfolio in charge of European integration in 2013, at the time of adoption of the Negotiating Framework and the official opening of negotiations between the Republic of Serbia and the European Union.

In the period from on 29 June 2017, he performed the function of the Minister of Public Administration and Local Self-Government, in charge for public administration reform.

On 28 October 2020, he was appointed First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education, Science and Technological Development.

Branko Ružić is a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia, where he has served as youth chairperson, vice-chairperson of the Steering Committee, chairperson of the Executive Committee and spokesperson. Today, he is the vice-president of the Socialist Party of Serbia.